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to serve different purposes, particularly in searching the space of actual possibility. Design, in this context, is framed as a process of designation.

The chapter also explores the intersection between Speculative Design and the prevalent use of models in various fields such as risk patterns, ideal options, and plotted outcomes. It contends that speculative models are prescriptive rather than adaptive, emphasizing their role in normative scenarios rather than descriptive ones. The distinction between predictive and prescriptive models is presented as crucial for understanding the uses of contingency, imminence, simulation, navigation, resistance, governmentality, universality, and neutrality in design.

As the text unfolds, the chapter concludes with a call to challenge conventional perspectives on futurism and scale. It questions the alignment between Speculative Design and Design Futures, suggesting that a more intellectually and politically rigorous approach is needed. The idea of focusing on immediate, at-hand frames of spatial and temporal reference is proposed, encouraging a shift in attention from local social history's mooring privilege. The ultimate goal, as highlighted, is to mobilize Speculative Design on behalf of conditions that do not yet exist in the present, shedding the limitations of local social history and returning attention to contemporary materialism as the point of origin for design

Chapter 5: Material Foundations of Contemporary Design

This chapter delves into the intricate relationship between design and emerging technologies, emphasizing the profound impact of a new materialism on contemporary design practices. The text explores a gamut of transformative technologies, ranging from biotechnology and artificial intelligence to robotics and networked additive manufacturing.

The emergence of modern design is contextualized within the historical backdrop of materials, processes, and technologies associated with mass production and distribution. Industrial materials, such as plastics and metals, enabled the inexpensive distribution of standardized designs to a mass society, marking the onset of what Reyner Banham termed "the first machine age." Chemistry and economics played pivotal roles in shaping the tangible culture of this era, with the periodic table of elements providing an organizational framework for the composition of substance and form.

Today, a new palette of materials is identified as potentially transformative, encompassing biotechnology, the internet of things, artificial intelligence, robotics, and networked additive manufacturing. The text posits that these materials have the capacity to recompose the world at scales previously inconceivable, turning living tissue into a plastic medium and imbuing inorganic machines and landscapes with new forms of practical intelligence.